Beyond Lithium-Ion: Emerging Frontiers in Next-Generation Battery Technologies

Abstract

Comprehensive review of next-generation battery technologies beyond conventional lithium-ion, covering solid-state, lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, zinc-air, and multivalent ion systems.

Key Contributions

• Maps the landscape of post-lithium-ion chemistries
• Compares energy density, cycle life, safety, and cost across emerging technologies
• Identifies solid-state and sodium-ion as closest to commercialization
• Reviews manufacturing challenges for each chemistry

Results

Solid-state batteries lead in energy density potential but face manufacturing hurdles. Sodium-ion is most cost-competitive. Lithium-sulfur offers highest theoretical energy density but cycle life remains problematic. Zinc-air promising for grid storage due to abundance and safety.

Limitations

• Review covers work through 2024; field is rapidly evolving
• Manufacturing feasibility assessments may be optimistic
• Cost projections assume scale that hasn't been achieved

Source: Beyond Lithium-Ion — Frontiers