Trends in Flight-Operated Small-Satellite Propulsion Technologies

Abstract

Systematic review of propulsion technologies for small satellites, analyzing flight-operated systems. The paper covers electric propulsion adoption trends, deployment of green propellants, and compact propulsion modules for small satellites.

Key Contributions

• Systematic review of flight-proven small-satellite propulsion systems
• Analysis of electric vs. chemical propulsion trade-offs for small satellites
• Coverage of green propellant development replacing hydrazine
• Market context: satellite propulsion growing from $5.93B (2025) to $6.92B (2026), 16.6% CAGR

Results

Electric propulsion adoption increasing rapidly. Green propellants gaining traction as hydrazine replacements. Small satellite propulsion becoming critical enabler for constellation management, orbit raising, and deorbiting compliance.

Source: Small-Satellite Propulsion Trends — MDPI Applied Sciences