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Rung 09 / How chips and sites talk

Networking & Interconnect

How chips and sites talk to each other.

900 GB/s

Fourth-generation NVLink bandwidth per H100 GPU — what one accelerator can say to its neighbours

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A brushed steel fibre coupler with copper collars, on paper.

In scope: optical interconnect and co-packaged optics, scale-up versus scale-out fabrics, NVLink, InfiniBand and Ethernet economics, bandwidth per dollar, topology, cross-datacenter links. Out: memory bandwidth inside a package (hardware), photonic compute (out of the knowledge base entirely).

A cable bundle of copper conductor and glass fibre terminating in one cartridge.
Optical interconnectCPOFabricsTopology
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Sources compiled for this topic
TypeSourcePublished
PAPERDeep Neural Network Inference on an Integrated, Reconfigurable Photonic Tensor Processor
Photonic tensor processor team · imec / silicon photonics ecosystem

First production-ready photonic tensor processor for DNN inference — packaged in a 19-inch rack unit, PyTorch-integrated, MNIST + CIFAR-10 benchmarked. Runs pretrained networks without chip-specific retraining

2026-01-15
PAPERIntegrated Photonic Neural Network with On-Chip Backpropagation Training
Farshid Ashtiani, Mohamad Hossein Idjadi, Kwangwoong Kim · Nokia Bell Labs

First integrated photonic deep neural network with end-to-end on-chip gradient-descent backpropagation — all linear AND nonlinear computations on a single silicon photonic chip. 92.5% accuracy on 2D classification; automatically compensates for fabrication variations

2026-03-20